Mudanças entre as edições de "Bash"

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Linha 6: Linha 6:
 
  /bin/zsh
 
  /bin/zsh
 
== /bin/bash ==
 
== /bin/bash ==
−
The program /bin/bash uses a set of startup files in /etc or an equivalent file in your home directory.
+
Executa os programas abaixo na ordem:
  
−
* Interactive login shell: /bin/login
+
* Shell interativo com login (nome e senha) executa:
−
** after reading /etc/passwd file
+
#  /bin/login        Shell interativo com login
−
** reads /etc/profile
+
##  /etc/passwd       Verifica senha
−
** reads ~/.bash_profile
+
#  /etc/profile
 +
##  /etc/profile.d/*.sh 
 +
#  ~/.bash_profile
 +
##  ~/.bashrc
 +
### /etc/bashrc
 +
#  ~/.bash_login
 +
#  ~/.profile
  
−
* Interactive non-login shell: at the command-line using a shell program (e.g., [prompt]$/bin/bash) or by the /bin/su command. An interactive non-login shell is also started with a terminal program such as xterm or konsole from within a graphical environment.
 
−
** Normally copies the parent environment
 
−
** reads ~/.bashrc
 
  
−
* Non-interactive shell:  usually present when a shell script is running. Only the environment inherited from the parent shell is used.
+
* Shell interativo sem login (Exemplo: $ /bin/bash ou $ su  ou usando xterm ou konsole de uma tela gráfica)
 +
#  ~/.bashrc
 +
##  /etc/bashrc
 +
 
 +
 
 +
* Shell não interativo:  Somente o ambiente é herdado do shell pai.
  
 
*  ~/.bash_logout: read and executed when a user exits from an interactive login shell.
 
*  ~/.bash_logout: read and executed when a user exits from an interactive login shell.
  
−
* /etc/bashrc : for system wide initialization of non-login shells. This file is usually called from the user's ~/.bashrc file and is not built directly into bash itself. This convention is followed in this section.
 
  
 
* [http://www.linuxbsd.com.br/portal/?q=node/18 Personalizando e Colorindo o Prompt do Bash]
 
* [http://www.linuxbsd.com.br/portal/?q=node/18 Personalizando e Colorindo o Prompt do Bash]
Linha 35: Linha 42:
  
  
−
==LInks==
+
== Expressões Condicionais no Bash ==
−
http://aurelio.net/shell/canivete.html
+
6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions
 +
 
 +
Usados pelo comando [[ e o comando test e [ .
 +
 
 +
When used with ‘[[’, The ‘<’ and ‘>’ operators sort lexicographically using the current locale.
 +
 
 +
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
 +
 
 +
-a file
 +
    True if file exists.
 +
-b file
 +
    True if file exists and is a block special file.
 +
-c file
 +
    True if file exists and is a character special file.
 +
-d file
 +
    True if file exists and is a directory.
 +
-e file
 +
    True if file exists.
 +
-f file
 +
    True if file exists and is a regular file.
 +
-g file
 +
    True if file exists and its set-group-id bit is set.
 +
-h file
 +
    True if file exists and is a symbolic link.
 +
-k file
 +
    True if file exists and its "sticky" bit is set.
 +
-p file
 +
    True if file exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
 +
-r file
 +
    True if file exists and is readable.
 +
-s file
 +
    True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.
 +
-t fd
 +
    True if file descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal.
 +
-u file
 +
    True if file exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
 +
-w file
 +
    True if file exists and is writable.
 +
-x file
 +
    True if file exists and is executable.
 +
-O file
 +
    True if file exists and is owned by the effective user id.
 +
-G file
 +
    True if file exists and is owned by the effective group id.
 +
-L file
 +
    True if file exists and is a symbolic link.
 +
-S file
 +
    True if file exists and is a socket.
 +
-N file
 +
    True if file exists and has been modified since it was last read.
 +
file1 -nt file2
 +
    True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2, or if file1 exists and file2 does not.
 +
file1 -ot file2
 +
    True if file1 is older than file2, or if file2 exists and file1 does not.
 +
file1 -ef file2
 +
    True if file1 and file2 refer to the same device and inode numbers.
 +
-o optname
 +
    True if shell option optname is enabled. The list of options appears in the description of the -o option to the set builtin (see The Set Builtin).
 +
-z string
 +
    True if the length of string is zero.
 +
-n string
 +
string
 +
    True if the length of string is non-zero.
 +
string1 == string2
 +
string1 = string2
 +
    True if the strings are equal. ‘=’ should be used with the test command for posix conformance.
 +
string1 != string2
 +
    True if the strings are not equal.
 +
string1 < string2
 +
    True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically.
 +
string1 > string2
 +
    True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically.
 +
arg1 OP arg2
 +
    OP is one of ‘-eq’, ‘-ne’, ‘-lt’, ‘-le’, ‘-gt’, or ‘-ge’. These arithmetic binary operators return true if arg1 is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to arg2, respectively. Arg1 and arg2 may be positive or negative integers.
 +
 
 +
==Links==
 +
* http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO-3.html  Redirecionamento
 +
* http://aurelio.net/shell/canivete.html
 +
* http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/6.3/postlfs/profile.html
 +
* http://humanreadable.nfshost.com/sdeg/bash_startup.htm
 +
 
 +
* http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Bash-Startup-Files

Edição atual tal como às 09h07min de 13 de julho de 2010

Verificar quais shell são disponíveis no sistema 

[user]$ more /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/zsh

/bin/bash

Executa os programas abaixo na ordem:

  • Shell interativo com login (nome e senha) executa:
  1. /bin/login Shell interativo com login
    1. /etc/passwd Verifica senha
  2. /etc/profile
    1. /etc/profile.d/*.sh
  3. ~/.bash_profile
    1. ~/.bashrc
      1. /etc/bashrc
  4. ~/.bash_login
  5. ~/.profile


  • Shell interativo sem login (Exemplo: $ /bin/bash ou $ su ou usando xterm ou konsole de uma tela gráfica)
  1. ~/.bashrc
    1. /etc/bashrc


  • Shell não interativo: Somente o ambiente é herdado do shell pai.
  • ~/.bash_logout: read and executed when a user exits from an interactive login shell.


/etc/profile

Alguns arquivos importantes: 

colorls.sh       % ls colorido
lang.sh          % definicoes do charset usado, LANG, LC_CTYPE
mpich2.sh        % module load mpich2-x86_64
vim.sh           % para o vi
shell-colors.sh  % ADICIONADO. Contém atalhos para cores e o comando para mudar a cor do prompt
                 % PS1="${BOLDYELLOW}\u${BOLDWHITE}@${BOLDGREEN}\h ${BOLDBLUE}\W \$ ${COLOR_RESET}"


Expressões Condicionais no Bash

6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions

Usados pelo comando [[ e o comando test e [ .

When used with ‘[[’, The ‘<’ and ‘>’ operators sort lexicographically using the current locale.

Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.

-a file 

   True if file exists.

-b file 

   True if file exists and is a block special file.

-c file 

   True if file exists and is a character special file.

-d file 

   True if file exists and is a directory.

-e file 

   True if file exists.

-f file 

   True if file exists and is a regular file.

-g file 

   True if file exists and its set-group-id bit is set.

-h file 

   True if file exists and is a symbolic link.

-k file 

   True if file exists and its "sticky" bit is set.

-p file 

   True if file exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).

-r file 

   True if file exists and is readable.

-s file 

   True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.

-t fd 

   True if file descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal.

-u file 

   True if file exists and its set-user-id bit is set.

-w file 

   True if file exists and is writable.

-x file 

   True if file exists and is executable.

-O file 

   True if file exists and is owned by the effective user id.

-G file 

   True if file exists and is owned by the effective group id.

-L file 

   True if file exists and is a symbolic link.

-S file 

   True if file exists and is a socket.

-N file 

   True if file exists and has been modified since it was last read.

file1 -nt file2 

   True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2, or if file1 exists and file2 does not.

file1 -ot file2 

   True if file1 is older than file2, or if file2 exists and file1 does not.

file1 -ef file2 

   True if file1 and file2 refer to the same device and inode numbers.

-o optname 

   True if shell option optname is enabled. The list of options appears in the description of the -o option to the set builtin (see The Set Builtin).

-z string 

   True if the length of string is zero.

-n string string 

   True if the length of string is non-zero.

string1 == string2 string1 = string2 

   True if the strings are equal. ‘=’ should be used with the test command for posix conformance.

string1 != string2 

   True if the strings are not equal.

string1 < string2 

   True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically.

string1 > string2 

   True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically.

arg1 OP arg2 

   OP is one of ‘-eq’, ‘-ne’, ‘-lt’, ‘-le’, ‘-gt’, or ‘-ge’. These arithmetic binary operators return true if arg1 is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to arg2, respectively. Arg1 and arg2 may be positive or negative integers.

Links

Disponível em "http://hunter.mat.ufrgs.br/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bash&oldid=2904"